Typography and Layouts

• Multiple column grids can be helpful in using hierarchy, making some bigger than others, and making certain parts of text more important or stand out. I can also give ways to place text and pictures together, and where to leave empty space.
• Optimal line length for text is usually 50-70 characters, including spaces. If it is too long the reader will have a hard time focusing on text, if too short the reader has to travel back and forth too often and can loose place more easily. 
• The baseline grid is used to anchor most or all information on a page. It keeps the layout similar and balanced. 
•  Sometimes justified text will look much cleaner and work better with the layout design, but correct justification is hard to achieve. Often, the words are too spread out throughout each line, or are too crammed. But these flaws can be tweaked as to not cause that and not be such an eye sore on the page. 
• Typographic river is when word spacing between multiple lines line up together, causing a "white river" to run down the text. Can be cause be too much spacing between words.
• Hang line design is where there is an open section left at the top of the page, left for either pictures or text, maybe even just open space. Again, keeping the page balanced and organized.
• There are a couple ways to indicate the start of a new paragraph. One, is the indention of the first line. Another, is an extra, blank line in-between paragraphs. Outdenting at the end of the paragraph, or maybe using a symbol.